Government has no business staying in business.

A PSU is any commercial enterprise where the Central government, a State government — or both together — holds at least 51% of paid-up share capital (Section 2(45), Companies Act, 2013), including subsidiaries of such companies. The Department of Public Enterprises, under the Ministry of Finance, publishes the annual Public Enterprises Survey of central public sector enterprises (CPSEs) at dpe.gov.in. By its own stated scope, the survey leaves out departmentally run enterprises, banks and insurance companies, and it does not cover state-level enterprises at all. This register is wider than the DPE list: it also counts state enterprises, public-sector banks and insurers, statutory corporations and municipal bodies, each from its own official source. But “central vs state” barely scratches the surface: the state is also a banker, an insurer, a department-store owner by statute, a municipal shopkeeper — and an undertaker for its own sick firms. The eleven types below map the whole empire.

An entry qualifies when a commercial enterprise meets the 51% rule — Central, State, or joint government holding — or is a statutory corporation or departmental undertaking, in one of the eleven types above. Each entry carries its ownership, legal form, Ratna or schedule status where applicable, latest official figures with their year, and its most recent development. Entries are factual; the case for selling, shutting or devolving each one is the project’s, not the record’s.

Figures come from official sources — the DPE Public Enterprises Survey, annual reports and stock-exchange filings, PIB releases, government orders, CAG reports and statutes. Where no official figure is published, the entry says so rather than estimating. V2 means the core facts were checked against an official source; only V2 entries are published; an entry that rests on secondary sources alone (V1) is held back until an official source is found. Coverage is being built state by state, starting with Andhra Pradesh: enterprises owned by the state government, or central enterprises headquartered or chiefly operating there. Corrections: contact@copwatchindia.org.